Like any other area of expertise, project management has its own set of terms you must know to be successful. Although the list can get extensive, start with learning how the following three words apply to project management. Understanding the critical terms of scope, assumptions and risk will start you off on the right foot and be the foundation for planning the rest of your project.<\/p>\n
Scope<\/strong><\/p>\n In project management, scope is a set of boundaries that define the extent of a project. These boundaries determine what falls inside or outside the project and what is included or not, in planning. Activities that fall inside the boundaries are considered \u201cin scope\u201d and are planned for in the schedule and budget. If an activity falls outside the boundaries, it is considered \u201cout of scope\u201d and is not planned for. Whether you\u2019re a project manager or part of the project team, you\u2019ll want to consider if something is in scope or out of scope as you move forward.<\/p>\n Let\u2019s say a client has asked you to build a website. As you outline the scope (or set the boundaries) of the project, you state that it will include the designing and building of the website. As the project progresses, you might discover that there is also a video that the client would like to create. Since the video is not part of the designing or building and therefore falls outside the boundaries of the project, it is considered out of scope.<\/p>\n So how do you determine what is in or out of scope? You\u2019ll first want to outline all the details of the project you currently know based on discussions with the client or the project owner. Then you\u2019ll want to make key assumptions that will drive what\u2019s considered in or out of scope.<\/p>\n Assumptions<\/strong><\/p>\n At some point in your life you\u2019ve probably been told, \u201cNever make assumptions.\u201d However, making assumptions in project management is crucial. Making assumptions will help you outline and control the scope of a project, ultimately affecting the schedule and budget.<\/p>\n Consider something simple, such as creating a book. Let\u2019s say your friend has an idea for a coffee table book and has asked you to manage the project. His first request is for a budget so he can secure funding. As you define the scope, it\u2019s clear that your friend is uncertain on many details, mainly: how many pages will the book have? Since the number of pages will greatly affect the cost, you will have to make an assumption in order to effectively provide a budget.<\/p>\n After further discussion, your friend tells you he plans to include 50 photos in the book. You can base your assumption on the 50 images, and then include pages for text, title and reference pages. When you formulize the budget you can indicate that the budget is based on the assumption<\/em> that there will be between 75 \u2013 90 pages in the book and any number of pages greater or less will have a direct impact on the budget.<\/p>\n You can see how assumptions directly affect schedule as well. For instance, let\u2019s say you\u2019re leading a project at a park that involves building a swing set. When setting up your project you are given the budget and assigned team members, one of which is in charge of materials. As you create your schedule you ask the person in charge of materials when the cement will arrive. This person replies that he\u2019s not sure when the cement will arrive but that he believes it will be between June 1 and June 10. As you build your scope and schedule, you make the assumption that the cement will arrive no later than June 10. This example shows two benefits for making assumptions.<\/p>\n The first benefit is that the assumption of receiving the cement no later than June 10 allows you to plan for activities that rely on the cement arriving. The second benefit is that it provides the person in charge of materials with a deadline to deliver the cement, which he can then relay to his supplier. It has inadvertently set up a key deadline for the project to move forward.<\/p>\n Making assumptions sets benchmarks that are often revisited during the project to aid the project team in staying within scope, on time and within budget. But what happens when assumptions are wrong? This is where risk comes into play.<\/p>\n Risk<\/strong><\/p>\n Once you\u2019ve built your scope and made certain assumptions, you\u2019ll want to begin assessing areas of risk. Risk is the same in project management as it is in the real world; it is a hazard or chance that can create damage. All projects contain risk and if you are the project manager or project owner, it\u2019s not only your responsibility to anticipate risk but it\u2019s also your job to communicate the potential impact of those risks to the project.<\/p>\n First and foremost, risk comes in various degrees. Sometimes risk can just mean the project will run slightly differently or take a small unexpected turn. In some cases, however, risk can lead to catastrophic results that can turn your project on its head.<\/p>\n Let\u2019s take the playground scenario from the above cement example. Where is the risk? The risk is that the cement could not arrive by the assumed date of June 10. What are the potential effects of this risk? The effects could be mild: it could set the schedule back a day or two. Or they could be severe: it could set the schedule back weeks or months.<\/p>\n When you present your project plan to the rest of the team, you\u2019ll want to clearly articulate what the current risks are and their specific impact on the overall project. It is helpful to highlight these risk areas in red or on their own separate page. Describe the risks in detail and briefly explain the impact of them on the plan. Throughout project communication, remind the project team of these risks and what they mean to the overall projects success.<\/p>\n If you\u2019re thinking about a new project or kicking off your first, keeping these three critical terms in mind will allow you see the big picture and avoid potentially damaging risks that can derail your progress.<\/p>\n (by Katie Stricker, www.management.about.com)<\/p>\n\n\n Untuk melihat daftar artikel \u21d2 Table of Content<\/a><\/strong><\/em>, dan konsultasi Project Management \u21d2 Konsultasi<\/a><\/strong>.<\/em> Daftar karya ada pada \u21d2 Innovation Gallery<\/a><\/strong><\/em>, dan daftar riset pada \u21d2 Research Gallery<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/sub><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Like any other area of expertise, project management has its own set of terms you must know to be successful. Although the list can get extensive, start with learning how the following three words apply to project management. Understanding the critical terms of scope, assumptions and risk will start you off on the right foot […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_s2mail":"yes","spay_email":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[202,2631,2626,2632,55,71,2628,2629,925],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/manajemenproyekindonesia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1212"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/manajemenproyekindonesia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/manajemenproyekindonesia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manajemenproyekindonesia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manajemenproyekindonesia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1212"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/manajemenproyekindonesia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1212\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6620,"href":"https:\/\/manajemenproyekindonesia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1212\/revisions\/6620"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/manajemenproyekindonesia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1212"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manajemenproyekindonesia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1212"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manajemenproyekindonesia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1212"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}